Lambda
>>> add_one = lambda x: x + 1
>>> add_one(2)
3
Map
>>> str_nums = ["4", "8", "6", "5", "3", "2", "8", "9", "2", "5"]
>>> int_nums = map(int, str_nums)
>>> int_nums
<map object at 0x7fb2c7e34c70>
>>> list(int_nums)
[4, 8, 6, 5, 3, 2, 8, 9, 2, 5]
>>> str_nums
["4", "8", "6", "5", "3", "2", "8", "9", "2", "5"]
>>> numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> squared = map(lambda num: num ** 2, numbers)
>>> list(squared)
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
Filter
>>> numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]
>>> # Using a lambda function
>>> positive_numbers = filter(lambda n: n > 0, numbers)
>>> positive_numbers
<filter object at 0x7f3632683610>
>>> list(positive_numbers)
[1, 2]
>>> # Using a user-defined function
>>> def is_positive(n):
... return n > 0
...
>>> list(filter(is_positive, numbers))
[1, 2]
Reduce
>>> def my_add(a, b):
... result = a + b
... print(f"{a} + {b} = {result}")
... return result
>>> my_add(5, 5)
5 + 5 = 10
10
>>> from functools import reduce
>>> numbers = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> reduce(my_add, numbers)
0 + 1 = 1
1 + 2 = 3
3 + 3 = 6
6 + 4 = 10
10
>>> from functools import reduce
>>> numbers = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> reduce(my_add, numbers, 100)
100 + 0 = 100
100 + 1 = 101
101 + 2 = 103
103 + 3 = 106
106 + 4 = 110
110
>>> from functools import reduce
>>> numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> reduce(lambda a, b: a + b, numbers)
10